AILSA CHANG, HOST:
The fowl flu outbreak continues to unfold amongst cows. The virus has now been present in nearly 50 dairy herds throughout 9 states. Well being officers say milk that’s pasteurized to kill germs is protected to drink, however the Meals and Drug Administration has renewed warnings in opposition to uncooked milk.
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DONALD PRATER: We proceed to strongly advise in opposition to the consumption of uncooked milk and suggest that business doesn’t manufacture or promote uncooked milk or uncooked milk merchandise.
CHANG: Now, unpasteurized – or uncooked – milk continues to be being offered in lots of states. And advocates for uncooked milk say the federal authorities has all the time opposed its consumption, so why ought to they hear now? Properly, right here to speak extra about this complete scenario are NPR’s Pien Huang and Chiara Eisner. Hey to each of you.
PIEN HUANG, BYLINE: Hey, Ailsa.
CHIARA EISNER, BYLINE: Hey.
CHANG: Hey. So Chiara, I wish to begin with you ‘trigger you went to Texas final week. And also you have been right here on this mission to search out uncooked milk and take a look at it for this virus. What did you discover?
EISNER: I discovered it was fairly simple to buy in Texas. It is authorized there, and all I needed to do was drive as much as these farms and buy the milk straight from them. In some instances, there was a retailer attendant who I paid the cash to. In different instances, there wasn’t even anyone there. I simply opened the door to the fridge, grabbed the milk, left money in a drop field and got here out. In a type of farms in San Antonio, I met one other lady who was shopping for milk. Her identify was Cheryl Masraum. And he or she stated she’s been consuming uncooked milk on and off for the previous 15 to twenty years.
CHERYL MASRAUM: As a result of I feel that uncooked milk is often a a lot better high quality. Proper now, we’re simply sort of watching the scenario and, – (laughter).
EISNER: That was in Texas, which was floor zero for this outbreak of fowl flu in cows. So far as scientists can inform, that is the place fowl flu jumped to cows final December and kicked off this complete outbreak.
CHANG: Wait, so can individuals get fowl flu from consuming uncooked milk, Pien? Like, what do we all know in regards to the dangers?
HUANG: Properly, it is all theoretical, and the reply is possibly. However truthfully, well being officers simply do not know. So Don Prater from the FDA, we heard from him within the intro. He is very clear that the company does not suggest consuming uncooked milk, however he additionally says that there are a number of open questions.
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PRATER: There’s not an amazing quantity of research exhibiting the infectivity associated to this virus and uncooked milk merchandise.
HUANG: The one one who’s for certain gotten fowl flu thus far was a dairy employee in Texas, and he was coping with sick cows. He most likely acquired uncovered to sprays of contaminated milk and manure. So far as well being authorities can inform, nobody has gotten fowl flu from consuming uncooked milk but. So what they’re leaning on of their suggestion is the truth that individuals have gotten sick from different issues in uncooked milk, like salmonella and E. coli, and that is why they do not suppose individuals ought to drink it.
CHANG: And are individuals who drink uncooked milk truly taking this recommendation?
HUANG: It does not look like it, Ailsa.
CHANG: OK.
HUANG: We reached out to a couple uncooked milk teams, and so they say that their prospects have been asking a number of questions, however demand appears to be holding regular.
CHANG: How fashionable is uncooked milk anyway? Like, I do not suppose I’ve ever tasted it.
HUANG: Yeah, effectively, there’s not truly a number of uncooked milk drinkers, lower than 2% of the grownup inhabitants within the U.S., in accordance with an FDA research from a few years in the past. However the ones who do drink it are very obsessed with it and so they normally fall into two camps. So there’s the unique uncooked milk supporters who’ve been round for many years. They’ve lengthy needed entry to native wholesome meals. And extra just lately, the uncooked milk motion has picked up those that need much less authorities regulation, meals freedom.
So individuals who’ve watched this business for a very long time say that this meals freedom was boosted by COVID when mistrust of the federal government and authorities scientists actually grew. I spoke with Mark McAfee, a uncooked milk dairy farmer in California. He is based the Uncooked Milk Institute, which is an advocacy group. And he says that his prospects simply do not belief the FDA.
MARK MCAFEE: The FDA hates uncooked milk? High-quality. The FDA will take any excuse to blast us any method they’ll. The those that observe us and work with us, if the FDA says it is dangerous, they will run for it. They need it so badly.
HUANG: McAfee says that he examined his cows for H5N1 when he first heard in regards to the outbreak, and so they did not have it. This was a few month and a half or two months in the past. However that is only one cut-off date and only one farm.
CHANG: Properly, what about testing? I imply, it appears like there’s all this worry. And individuals are saying, no, that is simply hypothesis. But it surely looks as if understanding whether or not there may be truly the virus contained in the uncooked milk provide would assist clear this up. So Chiara, what will we learn about testing?
EISNER: You are proper, Ailsa, it might actually assist to know if and the way a lot virus is on the market within the uncooked milk provide being offered now to individuals. However testing does not appear to be occurring often, and that information is basically arduous to come back by. That is why we tried to search out our personal. However once I introduced uncooked milk that I purchased from these 4 Texas farms to one of many few labs licensed by the USDA to check milk for fowl flu, the lab insisted on calling every of the 4 farms first for permission, although the USDA has confirmed the company does not require permission from farms to carry out the take a look at.
Not one of the farms gave the lab permission to run the assessments. They informed the lab they have been conscious of what a non-negative outcome would do for his or her enterprise. So the lab refused to check our samples. Which means we weren’t in a position to learn how a lot virus was within the uncooked milk being offered now in Texas, and doubtless it’s extremely tough for different members of the general public to do this, too.
CHANG: OK, so we do not understand how a lot of this virus is current within the present uncooked milk provide. So I suppose my query now could be, how ought to we be evaluating the dangers right here, Pien?
HUANG: Yeah, Ailsa, I imply, such as you stated, we’re unsure if there’s reside fowl flu virus within the uncooked milk provide, however we additionally do not know that there is not, until we take a look at for it or…
CHANG: Proper.
HUANG: …Except we inactivate it by pasteurizing it. We additionally do not know if consuming milk with the virus is a straightforward method for individuals to get contaminated. And there are different worries.
CHANG: Like what, Chiara?
EISNER: So the fear is that if influenza viruses from two completely different species, like a human and a fowl species, infect one individual on the identical time, a brand new sort of virus might be created that might be extra contagious in individuals. That might result in a pandemic. The extra animals the flu spreads to and the extra individuals it spreads to, the higher the probabilities that that would occur. That is why although the official evaluation is that the danger to the general public is low, federal well being officers are urging individuals to be cautious and never drink uncooked milk.
CHANG: That’s NPR’s Chiara Eisner and Pien Huang. Thanks to each of you.
HUANG: Thanks, Ailsa.
EISNER: Thanks, Ailsa.
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